癫痫的治疗方式都有哪些?

文章来源:癫痫医院 发布时间:2023-10-23

癫痫是一种慢性病,病因也多种多样,有些癫痫类型是良性的,到了一定年龄自然就痊愈了;有些癫痫需服用癫痫药物进行治疗,药物可以是一种或者两种甚至多种,一般如果3种药物服用足量还不能治愈,再加更多种类可能效果也不会改变,目前抗癫痫药物主要有丙戊酸钠,卡马西平,奥卡西平,左乙拉西坦,托吡酯,拉莫三嗪,拉考沙胺,唑尼沙胺,吡仑帕奈,后三种是新药。

药物治疗不好的癫痫被称为难治性癫痫,这时需要考虑手术治疗。手术治疗方式包括病灶直接切除术,大脑电极植入术+病灶直接切除术,在植入电极后可以实施热凝。这两种手术方式是针对病灶明确或者有可疑的病灶区域时才可以实施。但并不是所有难治性癫痫都适合手术切除治疗,有一部分癫痫由于病灶不好确定,在切除手术后还会复发,或者根本找不到病灶,离子通道的基因突变,无法切除手术治疗,这时可以考虑VNS(迷走神经刺激术)治疗,VNS本身不打开颅脑,只是在身体内埋个类似起搏器的东西来控制癫痫的发作,对于病灶不明确患者可以进行VNS治疗。

随着不断复查脑电图,如果可以查出局灶部位再进行手术治疗。因为随着年龄的增长,原来没有病灶的患者在不断复查脑电图后有可能会显示出局灶的病灶。

另外,生酮饮食也可以用于癫痫的治疗,尤其是对于SLC2A1基因突变导致的葡萄糖转运子缺乏症,生酮饮食是唯一的一种治疗方案,它对于这种疾病也是有很好的效果。对于血尿代谢检查正常的患者可以进行生酮饮食。生酮饮食就是一种特殊的饮食,但是可能年纪小的患者配合度会高一些,因为除了生酮食物,不能吃零食,需要很好的配合度才可以继续治疗。


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